Protecting Your Workforce from Invisible Hazards: The Importance of Hearing Conservation

Some of the most common workplace hazards aren’t visible—they’re audible. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 22 million U.S. workers are exposed to harmful noise levels at work. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that hearing loss due to workplace noise is the most frequently reported occupational injury.

It’s no surprise, then, that hearing loss disability costs around $242 million in workers’ compensation payments each year, according to the Department of Labor.

About 48 million Americans experience some degree of hearing loss, with the National Institutes of Health estimating that 15% of those aged 20 to 65 are living with some level of noise-induced hearing loss.

Noise levels above 85 decibels (dB) call for protection. To put it in perspective, normal conversation is around 60 dB, city traffic is 85 dB, and a rock concert or a tractor can hit 100-115 dB. Without proper protection, prolonged exposure to loud noises in the workplace can significantly worsen hearing loss over time.

Since hearing damage is cumulative and permanent, it’s crucial—and often required—for businesses to protect their workers’ hearing, especially those exposed to loud machinery, power tools, and heavy equipment. In this article, we’ll explore the industries most affected by hearing loss and suggest ways to reduce noise through hearing conservation programs.

Industries Most Affected by Hearing Loss

From quiet office settings to bustling construction sites, hearing loss is a reality for many workplaces. However, certain jobs come with a higher risk of hearing damage, and these employees need extra attention and protection.

Hearing Loss in the Manufacturing Industry

In the manufacturing sector, hearing loss is the most commonly reported occupational injury. With noise from compressed air at about 92 dB and machinery like grinders, drills, and milling machines often reaching 95 dB or more, it’s vital for employers to take extra steps to safeguard their workers’ hearing.

Hearing Loss in Construction, Carpentry, and Mining

Workers in construction, carpentry, and mining are also at high risk due to loud power tools. Some tools, like jackhammers, can reach up to 130 dB—far above the recommended limit. Prolonged exposure to these sounds during a work shift greatly increases the risk of hearing damage.

Miners, in particular, often deal with the sounds of drilling into rock in confined spaces. According to the CDC, most miners have some form of hearing loss by the time they retire .

Other industries where hearing loss is common include entertainment, nightlife, military, agriculture, and farming.

Workplace Risks Associated with Hearing Loss

Hearing is our built-in alarm system, helping to protect us from physical danger. It alerts us to potential hazards that may not be visible yet, like an oncoming truck or a malfunctioning machine. When hearing is compromised, this alarm system isn’t as effective, which can put workers at risk.

Workplace accidents are more common among workers with hearing damage due to reduced situational awareness or the inability to hear warning signals.

But the risks of hearing loss go beyond the workplace. It can significantly impact an employee’s quality of life. Hearing loss is permanent, and as it progresses, it can make communication frustrating, straining relationships. The constant ringing in the ears, often associated with hearing loss, can disrupt sleep and concentration, sometimes leading to depression, anxiety, and stress. All these factors can contribute to job dissatisfaction and underperformance.

Opportunities for Improvement

When it comes to hearing loss, prevention is key. Nearly all work-related hearing loss is cumulative and permanent, so it’s crucial for employers to act before damage occurs.

One effective way to prevent work-related hearing damage is by implementing a hearing conservation program. These programs not only protect workers from hearing loss but also contribute to their overall well-being and can reduce stress-related illnesses. Lowering stress is beneficial for ear health since stress decreases the blood flow needed for the ear’s hair cells to function properly.

OSHA mandates that companies implement noise and hearing conservation programs for employees who are likely to be exposed to noise levels that meet or exceed an eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) sound level of 85 dB .

A successful hearing conservation program should include regular sound monitoring, audiograms, employee training, and appropriate protective equipment.

Regular Sound Monitoring

Sound level meters and dosimeters are essential tools in a hearing conservation program. Sound level meters measure sound intensity at a specific moment, while dosimeters track an individual’s average noise exposure over time. Employers can use these tools to monitor and record sound levels throughout the workplace, helping employees recognize areas where the risk of hearing loss is higher.

Audiograms

A good hearing conservation program includes baseline audiograms taken after at least 14 hours of noise-free exposure. Annual audiograms should follow to track any changes in hearing. These results are compared to previous tests to determine any Standard Threshold Shifts (STS) in an employee’s hearing.

An STS is a noticeable change in hearing compared to the baseline audiogram. If a shift is detected, the employer must notify the employee within 21 days and refer them to an audiologist for further testing and possible treatment. This is also a great time to review and adjust hearing protection methods as needed .

Employee Training

Training is a vital part of educating employees about the risks of hearing loss and the importance of prevention. Employers should conduct at least one annual noise training session, but regular reminders throughout the year are also helpful. For example, educational posters and noise maps highlighting decibel levels throughout the workplace can serve as ongoing reminders for employees to protect their hearing.

One-on-one educational sessions with employees who are regularly exposed to loud noises can also be beneficial.

Protective Equipment

Beyond monitoring and training, providing workers with the right protective gear is crucial. This is an OSHA requirement for workplaces where noise levels meet or exceed 85 dB.

There are many options for hearing protection, from earplugs to earmuffs, available in various styles, such as disposable or reusable, to suit both the workplace’s and employees’ needs .

Sources

1. CDC – Mining Topic: Hearing Loss Prevention
2. OSHA – Occupational Noise Exposure
3. NIOSH – Hearing Loss Prevention
4. NIOSH – Personal Protective Equipment